Measure percentage change between an initial value and a final value β the standard growth or decline rate.
Formula
change % = ((final β initial) Γ· initial) Γ 100
Positive results indicate increase; negative results indicate decrease. Example: from 80 to 100 β +25%; from 200 to 150 β β25%.
When to use it
Report revenue deltas, stock price moves, weight-tracking trends, or year-over-year KPIs in dashboards and slide decks.
Limitations
Initial value cannot be zero β percent change from zero is undefined. Very small denominators inflate percentages dramatically. The formula is symmetric in math but not in perception (a 50% drop requires a 100% gain to recover).
Example
Going from 80 to 100 is a +25% change because ((100 β 80) Γ· 80) Γ 100 = 25. Going from 200 to 150 is β25%. A revenue jump from 1_000 to 1_150 is +15%, while an initial value of 0 is rejected because percent change from zero is undefined.